Merian's ghost illustration of rock faces fissures for Rumpf. Image source: Rumpf, Georg Eberhard, and Sipman. D’Amboinsche rariteitkamer. Amsterdam: Jan Roman de Jonge, 1741.

Women's Work

Portraits of 12 Scientific Illustrators from the 17th to the 21st Century

Marlene Hill Donnelly

Placodont, new species. Black India ink and white acrylic ink on white museum board, 11.5 x 16 in. Image source: Field Museum, 1999.

Marlene Hill Donnelly was born into a family of artists. Both of her parents, her grandfather, and various aunts and uncles were professional artists. Despite growing up surrounded by art and practicing art, she also felt the allure of science. In high school, she began to focus on her science courses and spent her spare time ensconced in the quiet halls of the Field Museum in Chicago, drawing skeletons. After graduating with a degree in Zoology from the University of Illinois, she worked at the University as a veterinary pharmacology technician. There she met the scientific illustrator for the veterinary college and realized for the first time that art and science could be combined in a career. She returned to Chicago for three years of study at the American Academy of Art, concentrating on the skills necessary to be a scientific illustrator.

Young Spotted Hyena in pencil and carbon dust. Image source: Field Museum, 2004.

Today Donnelly works primarily as an illustrator for the Department of Geology at the Field Museum, but she is very active in other areas as well. She has a variety of freelance clients, including the Belle Isle Aquarium, the Smithsonian Institution, HarperCollins, and the Honolulu Zoo. With Peggy Macnamara, she is the author of the Watson-Guptill book Painting Wildlife in Watercolor, and has taught various aspects of natural history illustration at the Morton Arboretum, the Art Institute of Chicago, and at workshops for the Guild of Natural Science Illustrators.

Greererpeton jaw, one of a series of three, a drawing in carbon dust. Image source: Field Museum, courtesy of Dr. John R. Bolt.

Specimens of Krameria ixine and Krameria revoluta illustrated for Dr. William Burger. Image source: Botany Department, Field Museum.

Whenever possible, Donnelly works from specimens. In pursuit of authenticity, she has traveled to Africa, Australia, the Galapagos, and the South Pacific to work on location. Because color disappears underwater according to wavelength and she wants to avoid the “false” color of flash photography, Donnelly will sometimes sketch underwater on drafting film, diving with either graphite or colored pencils and a laminated paint color chart to assure the accuracy of color at different depths.

At the Field Museum, Donnelly’s clients are almost exclusively scientists. With input from them, she interprets, emphasizes, and edits until the drawing tells a story of its own. She has a sense of awe and respect for her subjects, many of them fossils over 200 million years old. This is not the dull job of replication best left to the camera. Donnelly describes feeling a great sense of mystery and discovery in reconstructing prehistoric animals, “Slowly, a jumble of broken fossils reassembles into a real creature never before seen by human eyes. A wire skeleton painstakingly fleshed out with clay muscles takes on form and, in my mind, life—I can see my Placodont forging through ancient seas with powerful thrusts of its tail, crushing mollusks with enormous round teeth, utterly unconcerned with the peculiar bipedal beings that will inhabit the earth in eons to come.”

- NVG