Phascolarctos cinereus (Koalas). Image source: Gould, John. The Mammals of Australia. Vol. 1, London: Printed by Taylor and Francis, published by the author, 1863, pl. 14.

The Grandeur of Life

A Celebration of Charles Darwin and the Origin of Species

Brunfels, Otto (1488-1534).

Herbarum Vivae Eicones ad Nature Imitationem. Strassburg: apud Joannem Schottu[m], 1530-1532.

Narcissus. Image source: Brunfels, Otto. Herbarvm vivae eicones ad nature imitationem. Argentorati: apud Ioannem Schottü, 1530, p. 129.

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Brunfels’ Herbal, as this book is usually called, demarked a radical change in scientific illustration. The woodcuts were drawn from life, specifically for this book, by an artist named Hans Weiditz. Weiditz came out of the German naturalist school, which included Albrecht Dürer and Hans Burgkmair, and his images are starkly realistic, even showing wormholes and withered leaves. The text written by Brunfels was in strong contrast to the woodcuts, being based entirely classical authorities. Every subsequent herbal would have similar life-like images, and it did not take long for the authors to realize that the text should have a similar contemporary flavor, with observations drawn from life, just like the pictures.

Pasqueflower. Image source: Brunfels, Otto. Herbarvm vivae eicones ad nature imitationem. Argentorati: apud Ioannem Schottü, 1530, p. 217.

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